BACKGROUND AND AIM[|]Biomass burning is the main source of air pollution in many countries and has been strongly linked to many negative health outcomes. This scoping review aims to explore the current and emerging approaches for assessing population exposure to biomass burning, as an initial step to health risk assessment.[¤]METHOD[|]A literature search through PubMed was conducted to identify health-related studies investigating air pollution from biomass burning through the use of air quality data collection methods. A total of 197 studies were initially found, and after screening, only 57 studies were included in the analysis.[¤]RESULTS[|]The most common methodology employed for air quality data was through atmospheric transport models (specifically GEOS-Chem) (59.65%), followed by remote sensing through satellite imaging (50.88%), then by direct site monitors (33.33%). 56.14% of the studies used a singular approach, while the rest employed a blended approach (43.86%), likely due to the inherent limitations of each data collection method necessitating supplementary or novel approaches. However, the bulk of these studies come from the Global North (75.44%), using methods that may not be easily implemented or significantly scaled up in resource-limited settings, such as those in the Global South.[¤]CONCLUSIONS[|]There is a need for cost-benefit assessments and feasibility studies to determine the applicability and efficacy of these exposure assessment methods in low- to middle-income countries, who are most at risk of air pollution and climate change impacts due to geographic and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Exploring avenues for the advancement of air pollution modeling initiatives in the Global South, where it is highly needed, will increase reliability and efficacy of these results that will contribute not only to more robust surveillance but also directly inform policy development and public health programming (i.e. early warning systems).[¤]